本帖最后由 万得福 于 2014-7-10 15:55 编辑
做完笔记再做评论。刘军宁是天朝背景的人,他写的东西必定是针对天朝的,而且必然会夹杂私货的。所以呢,我们先看看最低端的维基http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a society or state as a republic (la. res publica), where the head of state is a representative of the people who hold popular sovereignty rather than the people being subjects of the head of state. The head of state is typically appointed by means other than heredity, often through elections.
Republicanism in the United States:For many decades the consensus was that liberalism, especially that of John Locke, was paramount and that republicanism had a distinctly secondary role。刘军宁强调的是这一部分。
Constitutionalism is "a complex of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law".[1]http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionalism
民主比较简单,大家都熟悉,就不啰嗦了。
补充一下古典自由主义和John Locke:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_liberalism
Classical liberalism is a political philosophy and ideology belonging to liberalism in which primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke#Political_theory
Locke's political theory was founded on social contract theory. Unlike Thomas Hobbes, Locke believed that human nature is characterised by reason and tolerance. Like Hobbes, Locke believed that human nature allowed men to be selfish. This is apparent with the introduction of currency. In a natural state all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions".[34] Most scholars trace the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," in the American Declaration of Independence, to Locke's theory of rights,[35] though other origins have been suggested.[36] Like Hobbes, Locke assumed that the sole right to defend in the state of nature was not enough, so people established a civil society to resolve conflicts in a civil way with help from government in a state of society. However, Locke never refers to Hobbes by name and may instead have been responding to other writers of the day.[37] Locke also advocated governmentalseparation of powers and believed that revolution is not only a right but an obligation in some circumstances. These ideas would come to have profound influence on the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. 洛克的政府论我另开一楼吧。 |